Volume 75, Issue 3 (July 2026)
Review Series: Cytokines as therapeutic targets: Insights from clinical interventions
The advent of molecularly targeted therapies has fundamentally changed our understanding of allergic diseases. Beyond expanding treatment options, these therapies allow us to explore human disease in vivo by selectively targeting a single molecule and clarifying its role within complex immune networks. We hope that this series will offer useful insights for clinicians and researchers, serving as a reminder that the results of therapeutic intervention can help elucidate the fundamental biology of allergic disease.
Broderick et al. provide an overview of the history of IL-1 research, its molecular mechanisms, and its relevance as a therapeutic target.
Irie et al. summarize our current knowledge of IL-31, including its cellular sources, receptor distribution, and its role in neuro–immune interactions.
Satoh et al. offer a comprehensive overview of the molecular biology of IL-36, its signaling pathways, and its clinical relevance.





